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Collagen: The Great Biological Architect
Raul J. Fleischmajer
(Abstract taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
Dr. Fleischmajer is Chairman and a professor of the Department of Dermatology of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Dr. Fleischmajer earned his B.A. degree from Manuel Belgrano and his M.D. degree from the University of Buenos Aires. A United States citizen, Dr. Fleischmajer served as a resident of a number of hospitals, including New York University Hospital and Bellevue Hospital, both in New York City, and Philadelphia's Skin and Cancer Hospital. Dr. Fleischmajer has taught as an instructor at New York University and as a visiting lecturer at the University of Philadelphia. From 1968-79, Dr. Fleischmajer served as a professor of Medicine and the Director of the Division of Dermatology at the Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia, until his move to Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Dr. Fleischmajer' s awards include the Henry Silver Award in 1963 and a number of gold and silver awards for scientific exhibits. He currently serves as chief editor of Progress in Diseases of the Skin, a position he has held since 1980. He was chief editor of the International Journal of Dermatology for almost 15 years. Dr. Fleischmajer has been a reviewer for more than ten scientific journals and has written several books. The doctor's memberships include the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Dermatology, the American Dermatological Association, the American Association of Pathologists, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
His Work: Dr. Fleischmajer has concentrated his research efforts on the biochemistry of skin, particularly its lipid metabolism and protein structure. His work has led him to an investigation of the role of collagen in the development of skin disorders such as scleroderma.
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A New Approach to Control Diabetic Complications
Jin H. Kinoshita
(Abstract taken from the 1988-1989 Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program).
Scientific Director of the National Eye Institute of the National Institute of Health (NIH), Dr. Kinoshita is also NIH Chief of the Laboratory of Mechanisms of Ocular Diseases. Born in San Francisco, Dr. Kinoshita earned his B.A. degree from Bard College, Columbia University, in 1944 and his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1952 with his thesis ''Transpeptidation and Transamidination Reactions." Dr. Kinoshita began his teaching career as an assistant in science at Bard College, Columbia University, in 1944. He then held various positions at Harvard Medical School beginning in 1947 as a research assistant in its Department of Biological Chemistry and concluding as professor of biochemical ophthalmology in its Howe Laboratory until 1973. Dr. Kinoshita is a member of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, the American Society of Biological Chemists, the American Diabetes Association, the Cooperative Cataract Research Group, and the United StatesJapan Program for Promotion in Science. He is also an honorary member of the International Society for Eye Research. Dr. Kinoshita is on the editorial board of Experimental Eye Research, a position he has held since 1962. The recipient of many awards for his work, Dr. Kinoshita' s honors include an award from the Cataract Research Foundation of Japan (1986), the Alcon Research Award (1983 and 1984), the DHHS Performance Award (1983), the Presidential Rank Award of Meritorious Executive (1981), the Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthamology (1974), and the Friedenwald Memorial Award of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology (1965). Dr. Kinoshita's research interests include chemistry and metabolism of ocular tissues, the study of cataracts, and diabetes.
His Work: Since the 1950s, the focus of Dr. Kinoshita' s research has been on the biochemistry of the lens of the mammalian eye, in particular the relationship of lens carbohydrate metabolism to the development of cataracts. His work has provided new insights into the formation of cataracts as a complication of diabetes.
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Radiation and Society
Rosalyn S. Yalow
(Abstract taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
A Nobel laureate, Dr. Yalow is the Solomon A. Berson Distinguished Professor-At-Large of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York. Dr. Yalow also serves as Chief of the Veterans Administration Radioimmunoassay Reference Laboratory, Senior Medical Investigator for the Veterans Administration, and Director of the Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory at the Veterans Administration Hospital in the Bronx, New York. In 1945, Dr. Yalow became the second woman to earn a Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Illinois, Urbana, where she also earned her M.S. degree. Her teaching experience includes service as the Chairman of the Department of Clinical Sciences at the Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, New York, and as Professor Emeritus at Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University in New York City. Dr. Yalow won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977 for her development of radioimmunoassay, which is an application of nuclear physics in clinical medicine. She was the second woman to be so honored. Dr. Yalow's additional honors include Enshrinement by the Engineering and Science Hall of Fame, Dayton, Ohio (1987), Sesquicentennial Commemorative Award of the National Library of Medicine (1986), Georg Charles de Hevesy Nuclear Medicine Pioneer Award (1986), Gratum Genus Humanum Gold Medal of the World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology (1978), American Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award for Salute to Excellence (1977), and the "La Madonnina" International Prize of Milan (1977). A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Yalow is the co-editor of Hormone and Metabolic Research.
Her Work Dr. Yalow has been a pioneer in the use of the radioimmunoassay in medical research and diagnosis. She introduced the technique a quarter of a century ago as a method of measuring the blood levels of insulin in diabetes patients. Subsequently, in both experimental and clinical medicine, the technique has proven extremely useful for the accurate determination of biologically active chemicals that occur at concentrations too low for previous methods of quantitative analysis.
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
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Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989
Bard College
Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989, published by the Bard Center.
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Current Issues and Future Directions in the Scientific Response to the AIDS Epidemic
Anthony S. Fauci
(Abstract taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
The recording is unavailable.
Dr. Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institute of Health (NIH), also serves as the Associate Director of the NIH for research on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and as Director of the NIH Office of AIDS Research. A native of Brooklyn, New York, Dr. Fauci received his M.D. degree from Cornell University Medical College in 1966. After completing an internship at Cornell Medical Center in New York City, he began his work at the NIH as a clinical associate in the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation at the NIAID. Dr. Fauci was Deputy Clinical Director of NIAID from 1977 through 1984. In 1980, he was appointed Chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, a position he still holds. Dr. Fauci is a member of a number of professional societies, including the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, the American College of Physicians, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Academy of Allergy. He serves as a member on the editorial boards of many scientific journals, as associate editor of Current Therapy in Internal Medicine, as an editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, and as an author, co-author, or editor of more than 600 scientific publications including several textbooks.
His Work: Dr. Fauci' s research has been in the field of human immunoregulation. He has made many contributions to basic and clinical understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases of the immune system. He has developed cures for previously fatal diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Dr. Fauci has recently demonstrated the precise nature of the immune defect in AIDS, and he has been instrumental in developing strategies for the therapy and immune reconstitution of patients with this disease.
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The Ordered and Disordered Brain in Isolated, Primitive Populations
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek
(Abstract taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
A Nobel laureate, Dr. Gajdusek serves as the chief of the Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies as well as the director of the Study of Child Growth and Development and Disease Patterns in Primitive Cultures and of the Laboratory of Slow, Latent and Temperate Virus Infections at the National Institute of Health. Born in 1923, Dr. Gajdusek earned his M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School in 1946, and he was a postdoctoral fellow in physical chemistry at California Institute of Technology in 1948. He was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology/ Medicine in 1976 based upon study of viruses, particularly slow virus infections and unconventional viruses. Dr. Gajdusek's memberships include the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Pediatric Society, the American Academy of Neurology, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. He serves on the editorial boards of Genetic Epidemiology, Neuroepidemiology, and Reviews of Infectious Diseases. Chairman of the Board of Directors of the SinoAmerican Center for International Scientific Studies, Dr. Gajdusek also serves on the Scientific Advisory Council of the ALS Foundation and on the Board of Associates of the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine. He has lectured extensively at such institutions as Harvard Medical School, the University of Pittsburgh, Brown University, Rutgers University, Yale University, and New York University Medical Center.
His Work: Dr. Gajdusek's research has encompassed a broad range of subjects, including protein physical chemistry, mammalian virology, autoimmune diseases, neurological degenerative disorders, human evolution, child behavior, and learning in primitive cultures. Dr. Gajdusek is perhaps best known for his discovery of the slow virus that causes kuru, an infectious neurological disorder found among the Fore people of New Guinea and transmitted by the ritualistic consumption of human brain tissue.
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
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Dynamics of Chain Molecules
Walter H. Stockmayer
(Abstract taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
The recording of lecture not available.
Dr. Stockmayer is the Albert W. Smith Professor Emeritus at Dartmouth College, a position he has held since 1979. In 1935, Dr. Stockrnayer graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After two years at Oxford University, he returned to M.1.T. and earned his Ph.D. degree in 1940. His thesis, directed by James A. Beattie, was on the equation of state of gas mixtures. Dr. Stockrnayer became an Instructor in Chemistry at M.I.T. in 1939. Except for a two-year stint at Columbia University, he taught at M.I.T. until he moved to Dartmouth in 1961. In addition to his position as Albert W. Smith Professor Emeritus, he is also a part-time teacher and researcher and an associate editor of Macromolecules. Dr. Stockrnayer also contributes articles on physics and macromolecular chemistry to scientific journals. Dr. Stockrnayer's honors include election to the Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1946 and membership in the National Academy of Sciences in 1956. He has received the ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry, the Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry, the Theodore William Richards Medal (Northeastern Section, ACS), the APS High Polymer Physics Prize, and the National Medal of Science (1987). Dr. Stockrnayer is an honorary fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, and has honorary degrees from Strasbourg and from Dartmouth College.
His Work: Dr. Stockmayer has worked on a variety of theoretical problems in the dynamics and statistical mechanics of macromolecules, including light scattering, chain transformations, and chain dynamics. He has also supervised useful experimental work in these areas, making extensive use of dielectric relaxation techniques.
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).
Recording of lecture not available.
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