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The Formation of Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins"
Christian B, Anfinsen
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984).
Dr. Anfinsen, a Nobel laureate, is Professor of Biology at Johns Hopkins University. Born in Monessen, Pennsylvania, Dr. Anfinsen received the Ph.D. degree in 1943 from Harvard University Medical School. In 1972 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein for their studies of the enzyme ribonuclease. . Dr. Anfinsen was Visiting Professor of Biochemistry at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovet, Israel from 1981 to 1982. He served as Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Nationall Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases from 1963 to 1981. He has taught at Harvard Medical School, served as Chief of the Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism of the National Heart Institute and was Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford in 1970. He has been a Naff lecturer at the University of Kentucky, Kempner lecturer at the University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Mathers lecturer at Indiana University-Bloomington, Jubilee lecturer of the British Biochemical Society, Leon lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania, and Kelly lecturer at Purdue University. He received the 1954 Rockefeller Foundation Public Service Award, a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1958, and a National Science Foundation Travel Award in 1959. Dr. Anfinsen is a member of the American Society of Biological Chemists, the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Danish Academy, the American Philosophical Society, and the Pontifical Academy of Science.
His Work: Dr. Anfinsen's research interests have included the study of non-uniform labelling in newly-synthesized proteins, study of the relationship between structure and function in enzymes, investigations of an extracellular nuclease of Stnplrylococrns nureus, and study of the isolation and chemical characterization of human interferon. Most recently he has been involved with the study of certain extreme thermophilic bacteria found in vents along the tectonic plates in the Pacific Ocean floor.
His Lecture: March 13, 1984: "The Formation of Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins"
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Mapping the Human Genome with D A Polymorphisms
David Botstein
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984).
Dr. Botstein is Professor of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Born in Zurich, he received the Ph.D. degree in human genetics with a subspecialty in microbial genetics from the University of Michigan. He has been the recipient of a Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship, an IH Career Development Award, and the Eli Lily & Company Award in Microbiology and Immunology. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1981. Dr. Botstein serves on the editorial boards of journal of Virology, and Genetics, and the advisory committee of the ACS Study Section on Virology and Cell Biology. He has also been a member of the advisory committee of the National Science Foundation Study Section on Genetics and Biology. The author of Advanced Bacterial Genetics:.A Manual for Genetic Engineering (1980), Dr. Botstein has contributed to many professional journals, including the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U S.A, Cell, and Gene.
His Work:Dr. Botstein's research has concerned itself with the molecular biology of the life cycle of the temperate Salmonella phage P22, and with several aspects of the molecular genetics of yeast.
His Lecture: May 5, 1984: "Mapping the Human Genome D A Polymorphisms"
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Twentieth Century Geometry
Charles L. Fefferman
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984).
Dr. Fefferman is Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University. Born in Washington, D.C., Dr. Fefferman earned the Ph.D. degree in 1969 at Princeton University. At the age of 22, he was named professor at the University of Chicago and became the youngest full professor at any United States university. In 1974, when he was named professor at Princeton, he was the youngest full professor in the history of that institution. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Fefferman has held visiting positions at the University of Paris, the Weizmann Institute (Israel), the Institute Mittag-Leffler (Sweden), and ew York University. He has lectured at several universities, including the University of California at Berkeley, Harvard University, Columbia University, Cornell University, and Indiana University. While doing graduate work at Princeton, he was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship and National Science Foundation and Princeton National fellowships. He received the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship in 1970 and a NATO postdoctoral fellowship in 1971. He was awarded the Salem Prize that year by the French government. In 1976, Dr. Fefferman was the first recipient of the National Science Foundation's Alan T. Waterman Award, a prestigious prize authorized by Congress. In 1978, he received a Fields Medal from the International Congress of Mathematicians. He also holds several honorary doctorates.
His Work: Dr. Fefferman's research has focused on mathematical subjects in the areas of Fourier analysis, partial differential equations, and several complex variables. His work in these areas has brought clarity to topics previously considered by many too difficult to be understood at this stage in the development of mathematics.
His Lecture: April 14, 1984: "Twentieth Century Geometry
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Our Changing View of the Universe
Arno A. Penzias
Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Brochure 1983-1984, published by the Bard Center
Dr. Penzias, a Nobel laureate, is Vice President of Bell Laboratories Research. Born in Munich, Germany, Dr. Penzias earned his doctorate degree in 1962 at Columbia University. Dr. Penzias is best known for his part in the discovery of evidence supporting the "big-bang" theory of the origin of the universe, work for which he shared the 1978 obel Prize in Physics. Dr. Penzias joined Bell Laboratories in 1961 as a Member of the Technical Staff. Over the years, he has held a number of managerial positions in Bell Laboratories Research and was named ice President in 1981. Dr. Penzias maintains close ties with the academic community, having been a member of Princeton University's Astrophysical Sciences Department since 1967, where he regularly acts as thesis adviser to graduate students. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Earth and Space Science at the State University of ew York at Stony Brook, as well as a member of the Board of Overseers of the School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, as well as a number of other scientific and professional organizations. He also serves a Chairman of the Editorial Committee of the Bell System Technical Journal and as Vice Chairman of the Committee of Concerned Scientists, a national organization devoted to working for the political freedom of scientists in various countries. Dr. Penzias has received a number of honorary degrees and is the only American to hold an honorary doctorate from the Paris Observatory.
His Work: Dr. Penzias took part in the pioneering Echo and Telstar communications satellite experiments early in his career at Bell Laboratories. His present responsibility covers a wide range of programs in the physical, material, communications and information sciences there. Dr. Penzias also maintains an active program of personal research. His recent work includes the study of chemical molecules in outer space, with particular emphasis on how the elements in these molecules are formed, as well as studies of the structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
His Lecture: February 28, 1984: "Our Changing View of the Universe"
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Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984
Bard College
Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Brochure 1983-1984, published by the Bard Center
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Spectroscopic Studies of Simple Free Radcals
Gerhard Herzberg
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984).
Dr. Herzberg, a Nobel laureate, is Distinguished Research Scientist of the National Research Council of Canada. Born in Hamburg, Germany, he received his early training there and subsequently studied physics at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology where he earned his doctorate in 1928. From 1928 to 1930 he carried out post-doctorate work at the Universities of Gottingen and Bristol. In 1971, Dr. Herzberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the structure of molecules. Or. Herzberg was Research Professor of Physics at the University of Saskatchewan from 1935 to 1945. For the next three years he served as Professor of Spectroscopy at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago. He returned to Canada in 1948 and in the following year was appointed Director of the Division of Physics at the National Research Council and later Director of the Division of Pure Physics, a position he held until his appointment as Distinguished Research Scientist in 1969. A Fellow of the Royal Society of anada and of the Royal Society of London, Or. Herzberg was Bakerian lecturer of the Royal Society of London in 1960. He received a Royal Medal from that society in 1971. He is an honorary member or fellow of many scientific societies and holds honorary degrees from a number of universities in Canada and abroad. Dr. Herzberg is author of several books on molecular and atomic spectroscopy.
His Work: Dr. Herzberg has made many contributions to atomic and molecular spectroscopy; in particular h and his associates have determined the structures in a large number of diatomic and polyatomic molecules, including the structures of many free radicals difficult to determine in any other way. He has also applied these spectroscopic studies to the identification of certain molecule in planetary atmospheres, in comets, and in interstellar space.
His Lecture: November 5, 1983: "Spectroscopic Studies of Simple Free Radicals"
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The Impact of Science on Medicine and Health
Frederick C. Robbins
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984).
Dr. Robbins, a Nobel laureate, is President of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and Dean Emeritus of the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. Born in Auburn, Alabama, Dr. Robbins received the M.D. degree from Harvard University School of Medicine in 1940. Dr. Robbins received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1954, jointly with Dr. John F. Enders and Dr. Thomas H. Weller, for their work in the cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in tissue culture and the application of this technique. Dr. Robbins served as Dean of the Case Western Reserve University from 1966 to 1980. He was Professsor of Pediatrics and Community Health at the University and was appointed University Professor and Dean Emeritus in 1980. In 1981 he was named Diisbnguished Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at Georgetown University. Dr. Robbins served as Director of the Department of Pediatrics and Contagious Diseases at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital from 1952 to 1966 and before that, worked in the research divisions ' for infectious diseases at Harvard Medical School and at Children's Hospital in Boston. Dr. Robbins received the first Mead Johnson Award, with Dr. Weller, in 1953. He also received with Dr. Enders and Dr. Weller, the Kimble ' Methodology Research Award in 1954. He was honored with the Modern Medicine Award for Distinguished Achievement in 1963 and the Medical Mutual Honor Award in 1969. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Pediatric Society, and the at1onal Academy of Sciences, among numerous others.
His Work: Dr. Robbins is well known for his Nobel Prizewinning work with Dr. Enders and Or. Weller. Their discovery of the ability of the polio virus to grow in cultures of different tissues, was an accomplishment which served as a steppingstone for Dr. Jonas E. Salk who developed the actual polio vaccine. Dr. Robbins has made many contributions through pediatric research and through the study of viral diseases.
His Lecture: December 3, 1983: "The Impact of Science on Medicine and Health"
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Albert Einstein and Contemporary Physics
Chen Ning Yang
(This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1983-1984).
Dr. Yang, a Nobel laureate, is Albert Einstein Professor of Physics and the Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the State University of ew York at Stony Brook. Born in Hofei, Anwhei, China, Dr. Yang earned the Ph.D. degree in 1948 at the University of Chicago. In 1957, at the age of 35, he was named corecipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics with Dr. Tsun -Dao Lee. Before joining SU Y-Stony Brook, Dr. Yang was Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, ew Jersey, from 1955 to 1966. He joined the Institute in 1949. He has been a Gibbs lecturer of the American Mathematical Society, Loeb lecturer at Harvard University, Vanuxem lecturer at Princeton University, Lincoln lecturer of the Board of Foreign Scholars (Fulbright Board) of the State Department, Pauli lecturer at the ETH, Zurich, Courant lecturer at New York University, Fermi lecturer at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, and J.R. Oppenheimer Memorial lecturer, Los Alamos. He is Honorary Professor of Fudan University, Shanghai. In addition to the Nobel Prize, his honors include the 1980 Rumford Prize and the 1957 Albert Einstein Commemorative Award. Dr. Yang is a member of numerous academies and societies including the National Academy of Sciences, the American Physical Society, Sigma Xi, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and the Royal Spanish Academy of Sciences. He is also a member of the Governing Council of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Science.
His Work: Dr. Yang and Dr. Lee shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 for their discoveries that challenged the principle of "Conservation of Parity," on which much of modern physics had been based. The principle says that objects which are mirror images of each other must obey the same physical rules. They theorized that in key cases parity need not be observed and a series of subsequent experiments proved them right.
His Lecture: October 15, 1983: "Albert Einstein and Contemporary Physics"
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