DSLS 1982-1983

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  Single Collision Chemistry

  Dudley R. Herschbach

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Herschbach, Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University, was born in San Jose, California. He attended Stanford University and received a B.S. degree in mathematics in 1954 and an M.S. degree in chemistry in 1955. He continued graduate study at Harvard and received an A. M. in physics in 1956 and a Ph.D. degree in chemical physics in 1958.

  Dr. Herschbach taught chemistry at the University of California at Berkeley from 1959 to 1963. He joined Harvard in 1963 and has been Baird Professor of Science since 1976. Dr. Herschbach was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Science in 1964 and a member of the National Academy of Science in 1967. He was awarded the Pure Chemistry Prize of the American Chemical Society in 1965, the Spiers Medal of the Faraday Society in 1976, the Centenary Medal of the British Chemical Society in 1977, the Linus Pauling Medal in 1978, and the Michael Polanyi Medal in 1981. Dr. Herschbach, who has held numerous lectureships, was a visiting Professor at Gottingen University in 1963, a Guggenheim Fellow at Freiburg University in 1968, a visiting Fellow of the Joint Institute of Laboratory Astrophysics in Boulder, Colorado in 1969, and a Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar at the California Institute of Technology in 1976. He is Associate Editor of the Journal of Physical Chemistry, a Consulting Editor for W. H. Freeman, and has served on several editorial boards. His Work The major theme of Dr. Herschbach's research has been the molecular dynamics of chemical reactions. He has developed molecular beam and spectrascopic techniques which allow the observation of reaction products immediately after the single collision events in which the new molecule are formed. He has applied quantum theory and statistical methods to a variety of problems in molecular structure and reaction rate theory. He has also pioneered the modem study of "van der Waals" complexes and oligomers in the gas phase.

  His Lecture April 9, 1983: Single Collision Chemistry.

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  What Chemists Really Do- The Logical Structure of Modern Chemistry

  Roald Hoffmann

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Hoffmann, Nobel laureate and John A. Newman Professor of Physical Science at Cornell University, was born in Zloczow, Poland. He earned M.A. and Ph.D. degrees at Harvard University in 1960and 1962, respectively. In 1981, Dr. Hoffmann shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Kenichi Fukui. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Hoffmann received the 1969 American Chemical Society's Award in Pure Chemistry. He is the only person ever to have received that society's award in two different subfields of chemistry-the A.C. Cope Award in Organic Chemistry in 1973 and the Award in Inorganic Chemistry in 1982. He has been honored with the 1969 Fresenius Award of Phi Lambda Upsilon, the 1969 Harrison Howe Award of the Rochester Section of the American Chemical Society, the 1970 Award of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Sciences, the 1974 Pauling Award of the Puget Sound and Oregon Sections, and the 1981 Nichols Medal of the New York Section of the American Chemical Society. Dr. Hoffmann also received a Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship (1966-68), and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1978. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.

  His Work: Dr. Hoffmann's research interests lie in the electronic structure of stable and unstable molecules, and of transition state in reactions. His first contribution was the development of the extended Huckel method, a molecular orbital scheme which allowed the facile calculation of the approximate a and 7T electronic structure of molecules, and which gave simple descriptions of molecular conformations and simple potential surfaces. His second major contribution has been a systematic exploration of the electronic structure of transition rates and intermediates in organic reactions, including the development of general correlation "rules" for predicting the outcomes of these processes.

  His Lecture April 16, 1983: What Chemists Really Do-The Logical Structure of Modem Chemistry.

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  How Do Enzymes Work?

  William N. Liscomb Jr.

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Lipscomb, Nobel laureate and Abbott and James Lawrence Professor at Harvard University, was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He received a B.S. degree from the University of Kentucky in 1941 and a Ph.D. degree from California Institute of Technology in 1946. In 1976, Or. Lipscomb won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his original research on the structure and bonding of boron hydride and their derivative . Dr. Lipscomb received this honor in recognition of theoretical and experimental work over a pan of more than 25 year . Dr. Lipscomb taught at the University of Minnesota from 1946 to 1959 where he headed the Physical Chemistry Division for seven years . He joined Harvard in 1959, and served a Chairman of the Chemistry Department from 1962 to 1965. He ha been Abbott and James Lawrence Professor there since 1971.

  A Fellow of the American Academy of Art and Science and of the American Physical Society, Dr. Lipscomb was a Guggenheim Fellow in England at Oxford University from 1954 to 1955 and at Cambridge University from 1972 to 1973. His many honors include the American Chemical Society Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of lnorganic Chemistry in 1968 , the George Ledlie Prize from Harvard in 1971, the Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society in 1973, the Distinguished Alumni Award of the California Institute of Technology in 1977, and the Alexander von Humboldt- Stiftung Senior Scientist Award in 1979.

  His Work: Dr. Lipscomb has long been the dominant figure in the field of boron chemistry. Hi research interest concern the interplay between structure and function; in particular, the relationship of three dimensional structures and mechanisms of enzyme and other protein , and the role of geometric and electronic structures in theoretical inorganic and organic chemistry.

  His Lecture: March 19, 1983: How Do Enzymes Work?

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  Seeing the World Through Spin Glasses

  Philip W. Anderson

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Anderson, Nobel laureate, Joseph Henry Professor at Princeton University, and Director of Physics Principle Research at Bell Laboratories, was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He attended Harvard University where he received a B.S. degree in 1943, an M.A. degree in 1947, and a Ph.D. degree in 1949. In 1977, Dr. Anderson shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Sir Nevill Mott of the University of Cambridge and John H. Van Vleck of Harvard University, for their fundamental theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems .

  Dr. Anderson joined Bell Lab 'technical raff in 1949. He ha taught at Princeton since 1976.

  Dr. Anderson was a Fulbright Lecturer at Tokyo University from 1953 to 1954. During the academic year 1961-62, he lectured at the Cavendish Laboratory, and was an Overseas Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, England. He was Loeb Lecturer at Harvard in 1964, and was Professor of Theoretical Physics at Cambridge University from 1967 to 1975.

  He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, a member of the National Academy of Science, and a foreign member of the Royal Society. He was selected a Fellow of the American Academy of Art and Sciences in 1963. He received the Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society in 1964, the Dannie Heinemann Prize of the Academy of Sciences at Gottingen in 1975, the Guthrie Medal and Prize in 1978 , and the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1978.

  His Work: Dr. Anderson has worked in many area of theoretical physics , concentrating mainly on studies of condensed matter. Hi major contributions have been concerned with ferroelectricity, ferr0 - and antiferromagnetism, magnetic resonance, spectral line shape , superconductivity, and disordered and amorphous material . He ha al contributed to our theoretical understanding of neutron stars, as well as to concept in elementary particle physics .

  His Lecture: December 4, 1982: Seeing the World Through Spin Glasses.

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  Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983

  Bard College

  Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Brochure 1982-1983, published by the Bard Center

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  On the Evolution of Small Molecules

  Konrad E. Bloch

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Bloch, Nobel laureate and Higgin Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard University, was born in Neisse, Germany. He attended the Technische Hochschule in Munich and received a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in 1938. Dr. Bloch shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology with Fedor Lynen, for their contributions to our knowledge of the complex pattern of reaction involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and of fatty acids.

  Dr. Bloch taught at Columbia University from 1939 to 1946, and at the University of Chicago from 1946 to 1954. He has been the Higgin Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard since 1954. He was Chairman of the Chemistry Department there from 1968 to 1971, and in 1979 became Professor of Science at the School of Public Health. Dr. Bloch was a Guggenheim Fellow at Technische Hochschule in Zurich in 1953, in London in 1961, and at Harvard from 1975 to 1976. He was a Senior Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1968. In addition to the Nobel Prize, his many honors include the Medal of the Societe de Chimie Biologique in 1958, the Fritzsche Award of the American Chemical Society in 1964, the Distinguished Service Award of the University of Chicago School of Medicine in 1964, the Cardano Medal of the Lombardy Academy of Sciences in 1965, and Ohio State's William Lloyd Evans Award in 1968. Dr. Bloch is a member of numerous academies and societies including the National Academy of Science , the American Chemical Society, and the American Society of Biological Chemist .

  His Work: Dr. Bloch is best known for his work on the biogenesis of cholesterol, but he has made outstanding contributions to other field of biochemistry as well. His work on the biosynthes is of glutathione and on the metabolism of fatty acids has proved especially significant. His research interests also include the biological formation of fat-ty acids and unsaturated fatty acid .

  His Lecture November 6, 1982: On the Evolution of Small Molecules

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  Probing Into Time

  Ilya Prigogine

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Prigogine, Nobel laureate, Professor at the Free University in Brussels, and Director of the Center for statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics at the University of Texas, was born in Moscow. He received a Ph.D. degree from the Free University in Brussels in 1942.

  In 1977, Dr. Prigogine won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contribution to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures,

  He has been Professor at the Free University in Brussels since 1947, and Director of the International Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Solvay, Belgium since 1962.

  He has received numerous honors including the Prix Francqui in 1955, Prix Solvay in 1965, the Medal of the French Association for the Advancement of Science in 1975, the Rumford Gold Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1976, and the Descartes Medal of the University of Paris in 1979.

  Dr. Prigogine i a member of many societies and academies including the Royal Academy of Belgium, American Academy of Science, and the Royal Society of Sciences of Uppsala, Sweden.

  His Work: Dr. Prigogine ha devoted a major part of his life's researches to developing formalisms for describing the nature of nonequilibrium (time-dependent) thermodynamic , with most recent emphasis on the spatial and temporal organization of biological systerns. But his work ha not been limited to the macroscopic aspect of matter and energy. He has, at the same time, devised a statistical mechanical kinetic theory of matter, which di plays the microscopic meaning of irreversible processes. He has also been active in the field of chemical solution , including polymers and isotopic mixture .

  His Lecture: November 13, 1982: Probing Into Time

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  Search for the Fundamental Structure of the Universe

  Samuel C.C. Ting

  (This information was taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1982-1983).

  Dr. Ting, Nobel laureate and Thomas Dudley Cabot Institute Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He attended the University of Michigan where he received a B . S. E. degree in 1959, an M .S. degree in 1960, and a Ph.D. degree in 1962.

  In 1976, Dr. Ting was named co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics with Dr. Burton Richter. Before joining MIT in 1967, Dr. Ting was a Ford Fellow at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland in 1963. He taught at Columbia University from 1964 to 1967, and served as group leader at Deutsche Electronen Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany in 1966. In 1970, Dr. Ting served in the Division of Particle and Fields of the American Physical Society, and was Associate Editor of Nuclear Physics B.

  He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Art and Sciences in 1975, and became an Academia Sinica Fellow in 1976. Dr. Ting was honored with the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award in 1976, and with the Eringen Medal of the Society of Engineering Science in 1977. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

  His Work: Dr. Ting and Dr. Richter, working in separate groups , electrified the world of high energy physics in November of 1974 with the discovery of a new particle with remarkable properties. Dr. Ting, in collaboration with teams from MIT and Brookhaven National Laboratory, was studying production of an electron in conjunction with its antiparticle -the positron-in protron-nucleon collisions at Brookhaven. His group found a remarkable yield of electron-positron pairs of rest energy 3. 1 Gev ("gigaelectron" or one billion electron volts), indicating the production of a new particle, which they named J. Dr. Richter's collaboration, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center-Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, meanwhile, was studying at the same time the reverse process, discovering the same new particle which they named 4J . The implications of the e experiment continue to stimulate reformulation of our basic undersranding of matter.

  His Lecture: October 16, 1982: Search for the Fundamental Structure of the Universe.